线程组
我们可以把线程归属到某个线程组中,线程组可以包含多个线程以及线程组,线程和线程组组成了父子关系,是个树形结构,如下图:

使用线程组可以方便管理线程,线程组提供了一些方法方便方便我们管理线程。
创建线程关联线程组
创建线程的时候,可以给线程指定一个线程组,代码如下:
package com.itsoku.chat02;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/*** <b>description</b>: <br>* <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>* <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注!*/public class Demo1 {public static class R1 implements Runnable {@Overridepublic void run() {System.out.println("threadName:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1");Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t1");Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t2");t1.start();t2.start();TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);System.out.println("活动线程数:" + threadGroup.activeCount());System.out.println("活动线程组:" + threadGroup.activeGroupCount());System.out.println("线程组名称:" + threadGroup.getName());}}
输出结果:
threadName:t1threadName:t2活动线程数:2活动线程组:0线程组名称:thread-group-1
activeCount()方法可以返回线程组中的所有活动线程数,包含下面的所有子孙节点的线程,由于线程组中的线程是动态变化的,这个值只能是一个估算值。
为线程组指定父线程组
创建线程组的时候,可以给其指定一个父线程组,也可以不指定,如果不指定父线程组,则父线程组为当前线程的线程组,java api有2个常用的构造方法用来创建线程组:
public ThreadGroup(String name)public ThreadGroup(ThreadGroup parent, String name)
第一个构造方法未指定父线程组,看一下内部的实现:
public ThreadGroup(String name) {this(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), name);}
系统自动获取当前线程的线程组作为默认父线程组。
上一段示例代码:
package com.itsoku.chat02;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/*** <b>description</b>: <br>* <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>* <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注!*/public class Demo2 {public static class R1 implements Runnable {@Overridepublic void run() {Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();System.out.println("所属线程组:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",线程名称:" + thread.getName());try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1");Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1");Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2");t1.start();t2.start();TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程数:" + threadGroup1.activeCount());System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程组:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount());System.out.println("threadGroup1线程组名称:" + threadGroup1.getName());System.out.println("threadGroup1父线程组名称:" + threadGroup1.getParent().getName());System.out.println("----------------------");ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2");Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3");Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4");t3.start();t4.start();TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);System.out.println("threadGroup2活动线程数:" + threadGroup2.activeCount());System.out.println("threadGroup2活动线程组:" + threadGroup2.activeGroupCount());System.out.println("threadGroup2线程组名称:" + threadGroup2.getName());System.out.println("threadGroup2父线程组名称:" + threadGroup2.getParent().getName());System.out.println("----------------------");System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程数:" + threadGroup1.activeCount());System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程组:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount());System.out.println("----------------------");threadGroup1.list();}}
输出结果:
所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t1所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t2threadGroup1活动线程数:2threadGroup1活动线程组:0threadGroup1线程组名称:thread-group-1threadGroup1父线程组名称:main----------------------所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t4所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t3threadGroup2活动线程数:2threadGroup2活动线程组:0threadGroup2线程组名称:thread-group-2threadGroup2父线程组名称:thread-group-1----------------------threadGroup1活动线程数:4threadGroup1活动线程组:1----------------------java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]
代码解释:
- threadGroup1未指定父线程组,系统获取了主线程的线程组作为threadGroup1的父线程组,输出结果中是:main
- threadGroup1为threadGroup2的父线程组
- threadGroup1活动线程数为4,包含了threadGroup1线程组中的t1、t2,以及子线程组threadGroup2中的t3、t4
- 线程组的list()方法,将线程组中的所有子孙节点信息输出到控制台,用于调试使用
根线程组
获取根线程组
package com.itsoku.chat02;/*** <b>description</b>: <br>* <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>* <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注!*/public class Demo3 {public static void main(String[] args) {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup());System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent());System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent().getParent());}}
运行上面代码,输出:
Thread[main,5,main]java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=main,maxpri=10]java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=system,maxpri=10]null
从上面代码可以看出:
- 主线程的线程组为main
- 根线程组为system
看一下ThreadGroup的源码:
private ThreadGroup() { // called from C codethis.name = "system";this.maxPriority = Thread.MAX_PRIORITY;this.parent = null;}
发现ThreadGroup默认构造方法是private的,是由c调用的,创建的正是system线程组。
批量停止线程
调用线程组interrupt(),会将线程组树下的所有子孙线程中断标志置为true,可以用来批量中断线程。
示例代码:
package com.itsoku.chat02;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/*** <b>description</b>: <br>* <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>* <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注!*/public class Demo4 {public static class R1 implements Runnable {@Overridepublic void run() {Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();System.out.println("所属线程组:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",线程名称:" + thread.getName());while (!thread.isInterrupted()) {;}System.out.println("线程:" + thread.getName() + "停止了!");}}public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1");Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1");Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2");t1.start();t2.start();ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2");Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3");Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4");t3.start();t4.start();TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);System.out.println("-----------threadGroup1信息-----------");threadGroup1.list();System.out.println("----------------------");System.out.println("停止线程组:" + threadGroup1.getName() + "中的所有子孙线程");threadGroup1.interrupt();TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);System.out.println("----------threadGroup1停止后,输出信息------------");threadGroup1.list();}}
输出:
所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t1所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t2所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t3所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t4-----------threadGroup1信息-----------java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]----------------------停止线程组:thread-group-1中的所有子孙线程线程:t4停止了!线程:t2停止了!线程:t1停止了!线程:t3停止了!----------threadGroup1停止后,输出信息------------java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]
停止线程之后,通过list()方法可以看出输出的信息中不包含已结束的线程了。
多说几句,建议大家再创建线程或者线程组的时候,给他们取一个有意义的名字,对于计算机来说,可能名字并不重要,但是在系统出问题的时候,你可能会去查看线程堆栈信息,如果你看到的都是t1、t2、t3,估计自己也比较崩溃,如果看到的是httpAccpHandler、dubboHandler类似的名字,应该会好很多。
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